This international conference, organized by CAPI's former Japan Chair, Dr. Joseph Kess and China Chair Dr. Wu Guoguang, with Wenran Jiang of the University of Alberta, brought leading Chinese, Japanese and Canadian participants together for two days in March 2007. The serious and forthright tone of the conference was established by contrasting reactions to a keynote lecture the first morning of the conference on the controversial role of apologies in East Asian affairs by Michael Donnelly, the Dr.